History of SCALE

Phrack

Phrack is the long-running hacker e-zine — first published 17 November 1985, ISSN 1068-1035 — whose early issues were released from Metal Shop Private, a St. Louis bulletin board run by co-founder Taran King (Randy Tischler). SCALE is opening a growing record set around Phrack, its St. Louis roots, and founding editor Knight Lightning (Craig Neidorf).

Start here

St. Louis origins

Phrack's name joins phreak and hack. While later editorial eras moved through Austin and a worldwide volunteer staff, the magazine's founding infrastructure was St. Louis:

  • Metal Shop Private — BBS sysop Taran King; home base of Phrack Inc.; 314 area code
  • SummerCon '88 — hacker convention hosted in St. Louis (July 22–24, 1988); documented in Phrack #20
  • Knight Lightning — Craig Neidorf, Missouri editor; United States v. Riggs trial (1990) after the E911 Phrack World News article

Taran King put up Metal Shop because, as he wrote in Phrack #20, "St. Louis totally lacked bulletin boards that dealt with hacking or phreaking." The board drew a national crowd and became the distribution point for early issues.

Publication line

VolumeYearsIssuesEditors (selected)
011985–86#1–#9Taran King, Cheap Shades
021987–88#10–#24Taran King, Knight Lightning, Shooting Shark, Elric of Imrryr
031989–91#25–#36Taran King, Crimson Death, Dispater
04–061992–95#37–#47Dispater, Erik Bloodaxe
07–101996–00#48–#56Voyager, route (daemon9)
11–132001–09#57–#66Phrackstaff, Circle of Lost Hackers
14–172010–#67–#72Phrack Staff

Latest issue #72 (2025) marked Phrack's 40th anniversary with ~15,000 free hardcopies distributed at DefCon, HOPE, WHY, and other conferences.

Notable philes

Articles that shaped hacker and security culture:

  • "The Conscience of a Hacker" (The Mentor) — the Hacker Manifesto; Phrack #7
  • "Smashing The Stack For Fun And Profit" (Aleph One) — stack buffer overflows; #49
  • "The Art of Scanning" (Fyodor) — introduced nmap; #51
  • E911 document (Phrack #24, 1989) — BellSouth memo; Operation Sundevil; EFF amicus in U.S. v. Riggs

Regular columns include Prophile, Linenoise, Loopback, Phrack World News, and International Scenes.

What we are collecting

Issue archives and mirrors, BBS ephemera (Metal Shop, SummerCon flyers), oral history from St. Louis and 314-era sysops, trial transcripts, hardcopy release party photos, and material connecting Phrack to Missouri hacker circles and later security research.

Submit: up@scalepublishing.com — subject line Phrack records

Archives and reference

Hardcopy releases

IssueYearPlace
#572001Hackers At Large (Netherlands)
#622004RuxCon (Australia)
#632005What the Hack (Netherlands)
#712024DefCon 32
#722025WHY, DefCon 33, HOPE

Phrack shares terrain with SCALE's other open-culture archives — MONDO 2000 (1990s magazine underground), The Ilya Archive (network connectors), and St. Louis art-tech circles documented in the Artifaq catalog. Missouri's BBS era is part of the same publication-and-platform history SCALE traces from zines through graduate journals to today's imprint.